Self- report inventories

A self-report inventory is a type of psychological test in which a person fills out a survey

 or questionnaire with or without the help of an investigator. Self-report inventories often ask direct

 questions about personal interests, values, symptoms, behaviors, and traits or personality types.

 Inventories are different from tests in that there is no objectively correct answer; responses are based

 on opinions and subjective perceptions. Most self-report inventories are brief and can be taken or

 administered within five to 15 minutes, although some, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality

 Inventory (MMPI), can take several hours to fully complete. They are popular because they can be

 inexpensive to give and to score, and their scores can often show good reliability.  Items may use any

 of several formats: a Likert scale with ranked options, true-false, or forced choice, although other

 formats such as sentence completion or visual analog scales are possible. True-false involves questions

 that the individual denotes as either being true or false about themselves. Forced-choice is a set of

 statements that require the individual to choose one as being most representative of themselves.

Types of self-report inventories       

·         16 PF

·         Beck Anxiety Inventory

·         Beck Depression Inventory

·         Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R)

·         Major Depression Inventory

·         Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

·         NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-3)

·         State-Trait Anxiety Inventory

1.  Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R)

        The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) measures three major dimensions of personality that account for most of the variance in personality. The EPQ-R is an excellent choice when you are administering a test battery and need a brief instrument representing the personality domain. This measure has proven useful for numerous applications in human resources, career counseling, clinical settings and research. Scales measured by the EPQ-R are Extraversion-Introversion, Neuroticism and Toughmindedness with the addition of a Lie Scale. The long form of the EPQ-R was developed in 1993, the short form in 2001.

·         Extraversion-Introversion

        High E scores indicate extraversion, and individuals who score high tend to be outgoing, impulsive, uninhibited, have many social contacts, and often take part in group activities. Typically, the extravert is highly social, likes gatherings, has many friends, needs to have people to talk to and dislikes solitary pursuits such as reading, studying, and contemplation.

        By contrast, the introvert tends to be quiet, retiring and studious. The typical introvert is reserved and distant except to intimate friends, tends to plan and usually distrusts acting on impulse. Such people prefer a well-arranged existence, keep their feelings well controlled, and are more passive than aggressive.

·         Neuroticism

        High N scores indicate strong emotional lability and overactivity. People with high scores tend to be emotionally over responsive, and encounter difficulties in calming down. Such people complain of vague somatic upsets, and report many worries, anxieties, and irritating emotional feelings. They may develop neurotic disorders when under stress, which fall short of actual neurotic collapses. High scores do not preclude such people functioning adequately in the family and work situations.

·         Psychoticism/Tough-Mindedness

    High P scores display tendencies to developing psychotic disorders while at the same time falling short of actual psychotic conditions. People with high P scores are inclined toward being cruel, inhumane, socially indifferent, hostile, aggressive, not considerate of danger, insular, glacial, and intolerant. They show a propensity towards making trouble for others, belittling, acting disruptively, and lacking in empathy.

·         Lie Scale

                This scale is included to determine the validity of responses. A high score demonstrates the tendency to "fake good".

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