Migraines

        Migraines are a recurring type of headache. They cause moderate to severe pain that is throbbing

 or pulsing. The pain is often on one side of your head. You may also have other symptoms, such as

 nausea and weakness. You may be sensitive to light and sound.

Causes

        Researchers believe that migraine has a genetic cause. There are also a number of factors that can

 trigger a migraine. These factors vary from person to person, and they include:

·         Stress

·         Anxiety

·         Hormonal changes in women

·         Bright or flashing lights

·         Loud noises

·         Strong smells

·         Medicines

·         Too much or not enough sleep

·         Sudden changes in weather or environment

·         Overexertion (too much physical activity)

·         Tobacco

·         Caffeine or caffeine withdrawal

·         Skipped meals

·         Medication overuse (taking medicine for migraines too often)

Some people have found that certain foods or ingredients can trigger headaches, especially when they are combined with other triggers. These foods and ingredients include:

·         Alcohol

·         Chocolate

·         Aged cheeses

·         Monosodium glutamate (MSG)

·         Some fruits and nuts

·         Fermented or pickled goods

·         Yeast

·         Cured or processed meats

Risk Factors

About 12 percent of Americans get migraines.

Being a woman: Women are three times more likely than men to get migraines.

Having a family history of migraine: Most people with migraines have family members who have migraines.

Having other medical conditions: such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, sleep disorders, and epilepsy.

Symptoms

There are four different phases of migraines. You may not always go through every phase each time you have a migraine.

Prodrome:This phase starts up to 24 hours before you get the migraine. You have early signs and symptoms, such as food cravings, unexplained mood changes, uncontrollable yawning, fluid retention, and increased urination.

Aura:If you have this phase, you might see flashing or bright lights or zig-zag lines. You may have muscle weakness or feel like you are being touched or grabbed. An aura can happen just before or during a migraine.

Headache:A migraine usually starts gradually and then becomes more severe. It typically causes throbbing or pulsing pain, which is often on one side of your head. But sometimes you can have a migraine without a headache. Other migraine symptoms may include:

Increased sensitivity to light, noise, and odors

Nausea and vomiting

Worsened pain when you move, cough, or sneeze

Postdrome (following the headache). You may feel exhausted, weak, and confused after a migraine. This can last up to a day. Migraines are more common in the morning; people often wake up with them. Some people have migraines at predictable times, such as before menstruation or on weekends following a stressful week of work.

Diagnosis

To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will:

·         Take your medical history

·         Ask about your symptoms

·         Do a physical and neurological exam

An important part of diagnosing migraines is to rule out other medical conditions which could be causing the symptoms. So, you may also have blood tests, an MRI or CT scan, or other tests.

Treatment

There is no cure for migraines. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks.

There are different types of medicines to relieve symptoms. They include triptan drugs, ergotamine drugs, and pain relievers. The sooner you take the medicine, the more effective it is.

Other things you can do to feel better

Resting with your eyes closed in a quiet, darkened room. Place cool clothes or ice pack on your forehead. Drinking fluids.

Lifestyle changes stress management strategies, such as exercise, relaxation techniques, and biofeedback, may reduce the number and severity of migraines. Biofeedback uses electronic devices to teach you to control certain body functions, such as your heartbeat, blood pressure, and muscle tension.

Make a log of what seems to trigger your migraines. You can learn what you need to avoid, such as certain foods and medicines. It also helps you figure out what you should do, such as establishing a consistent sleep schedule and eating regular meals.

Hormone therapy may help some women whose migraines seem to be linked to their menstrual cycle. If you have obesity, losing weight may also be helpful.

If you have frequent or severe migraines, you may need to take medicines to prevent further attacks. Talk with your health care provider about which drug would be right for you.

Certain natural treatments, such as riboflavin (vitamin B2) and coenzyme Q10, may help prevent migraines. If your magnesium level is low, you can try taking magnesium. There is also an herb, butterbur, which some people take to prevent migraines. But butterbur may not be safe for long-term use. Always check with your health care provider before taking any supplements.

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