Introduction to Emotion Regulation

Introduction 

             Emotion regulation refers to the ability to control one's emotions, we can control our emotions

 or our emotions can control us. 

Emotion Regulation Definitions 

            "Emotion regulation can be defined as one's attempts to monitor and modulate their emotional experience" (Gross &Thompson, 2007).

            "Emotion regulation can also be defined as the process by which activation in one response domain serves to alter, titrate, or modulate activation in another response domain" (Dodge, 1989).

            "The processes by which individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them, and how they experience and express these emotions" (Gross, 1998).

            "Emotion regulation is defined as the process of initiating, maintaining, modulating, or changing the occurrence, intensity, or duration of internal feeling states and emotion-related motivations and physiological processes, often in the service of accomplishing one's goals" (Eisenberg & Morris, 2002).

            "The intra- and extra organismic factors by which emotional arousal is redirected, controlled, modulated, and modified to enable an individual to function adaptively in emotionally arousing situations" (Clcchetti, Ganiban & Barnett, 1991). 

Theories of Emotion regulation 

  • Process model of Emotion Regulation
            In process model of emotion regulation, Gross describes five families related to the dynamics of the emotional process in which regulation may occur: situation selection, situation modification, attention deployment, cognitive change and response modulation. The first four families of strategies are classified as "antecedent-focused", because they are employed before the emotional response. The fifth family is "response-focused" as it is used after the emotional response has been activated. Moreover, the antecedent-focused strategies are described as more effective (as they change the emotion itself) than the response-focused ones that change the emotional reaction produced after the emotion has already been experienced (Gross, 1998). 

  • The Extended Process Model of Emotion Regulation

            The extended process model holds that people first detect a discrepancy between actual and target emotional state, subsequently decide whether regulation is needed, and finally select the appropriate course of action. The EMP extends the original process model by distinguishing three stages of the emotion regulation cycle. These stages are (a) Identification (concerned with whether to regulate emotion), (b) Selection (concerned with what strategy to use to regulate emotion) and (c) Implementation that concerned with implementing a particular tactic suited to the present situation (Gross, 2015).

  • Four Factor Model

            Salovey and Mayer yielded four factor models which comprise of the four categories of adaptive abilities: assessment of emotions in self and other, expression of emotion, regulation of emotion and utilization of emotions in solving problems. These four areas are also known as four-branch model. The first and second category comprises the elements of assessment and expression of emotion in the self and assessment of emotions in other. The third classification of emotional intelligence, regulation, has the elements of emotional regulation in the self and in other. The fourth classification, utilization of emotion, consist the elements of flexible planning, creative thinking, redirected attention and motivation. Although emotions are the nucleus of this model, it also covers social and cognitive functions associated with the expression, regulation and utilization of emotions (Salovey & Mayer, 1990).

  •  Revised Model

            Mayer and Salovey developed a revised model. The revised model pertains the four branches of emotional intelligence such as perception, appraisal and expression of emotion, emotional facilitation of thinking, understanding, analyzing and employing emotional knowledge and reflective regulation of emotions to further emotional and intellectual growth. The perception, assessment and expression of emotion are regarded as the most basic processes and the reflective regulation of emotions postulates the most compound processing. In addition, each branch is linked with it stages or levels of capabilities which individuals master in successive order (Salovey & Mayer, 1997).


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Heinz Hartmann Ego Psychology and the Mechanisms of Adaptation

  Heinz Hartmann devoted considerable time to the study of the Ego's Defenses and their functions from the perspective of the Adaptation. However, he seems not to have expanded on the defenses explained by Freud. The ego mobilizes defenses to protect itself from four types of dangers including conflicts among: ·          The id, ego, and super ego conflict. ·          Conflict in interpersonal relations. ·          Conflict in social norms. ·          Conflict in response to trauma. Mechanism of Adaptation: Heinz Hartmann described the "Mechanisms of Adaptation" that are more or less firmly established in the ego of an adult and always run to the same course unconsciously, just as Anna Freud describes the "Defense Mechanisms". These mechanisms are established in the ego to defend against un-described or disturbin...
Read more

Emergence and history of Psychology of Men in West and Pakistan

Psychology of Men:       The new psychology of men has emerged over the past 15 years within the larger fields of men's studies and gender studies. Informed by the academic breakthroughs of feminist scholarship, the new psychology of men examines masculinity not as a normative referent, but rather as a problematic construct. In so doing, it provides a framework for a psychological approach to men and masculinity that questions traditional norms of the male role and views some male problems as unfortunate byproducts of the male gender role socialization process. This article introduces this new field, covering the gender role strain paradigm, masculinity ideology, and the 3 varieties of male gender role strain-- discrepancy-strain, dysfunctionstrain, and trauma-strain. Implications for practice are presented.  Masculine Psychology:       Masculine Psychology is a relative term sometimes used to describe and categorize issues concerning the gen...
Read more

Basic Concepts in Experimental Psychology

  Perception                Perception can be defined as our recognition and interpretation of sensory   information. Perception also includes how we respond to the information. We can think of perception as a process where we take in sensory information from our environment and use that information in order to interact with our environment. Perception allows us to take the sensory information in and make it into something meaningful. Cognition Cognition is a term referring to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension. These processes include thinking, knowing, remembering, judging and problem-solving. These are higher-level functions of the brain and encompass language, imagination, perception, and planning. The earliest definition of cognition was presented in the first textbook on cognitive psychology published in 1967. According to Neisser, cognition is "those processes by which the sensory input i...
Read more