Directional Terms in Neuroanatomy

Planes of Reference

Lateral view: Lateral means away from the midline of the body of a vertebrate, toward the body’s lateral surfaces.

Anterior view: Anterior means toward the nose end of a vertebrate. Or with respect to the central nervous system, located near or toward the head.

Posterior view: Posterior means toward the tail end of a vertebrate or toward the back of the head.

Medial view: Medial means toward the midline of the body of a vertebrate.

Dorsal view: Dorsal means toward the surface of the back or toward the top of the head.

Ventral view: Ventral means toward the surface of the chest or the bottom of the head.

Rostral view: Rostral means toward the beak; with respect to the central nervous system, in the direction along the neuro-axis toward the front of the face.

Caudal view: Caudal means toward the back; with respect to the central nervous system, in the direction along the neuro-axis away from the front of the face.

Ipsilateral view: Ipsilateral means located on the same side of the body (left or right).

Contralateral view: Contralateral means located on the opposite side of the body (left or right).

Sagittal view: Any slices of the brain or tissue cut in a plane that is parallel to the side of the brain.

Midsagittal view: The plane through the neuroaxis perpendicular to the ground; divides the brain into two symmetrical halves.

Horizontal section: Any slice of brain tissue cut in a plane that is parallel to the top of the brain.

Coronal section: A plane that shows brain structures as they would be seen from the front.

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